Miami Beach, Florida

Miami Beach, Florida

Miami Beach
City of Miami Beach
—  City  —
Southern portion of Miami Beach with downtown Miami in background

Seal
Nickname(s): The Beach
Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida
U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits
Coordinates: 25°48′46.89″N 80°8′2.63″W / 25.813025°N 80.1340639°W / 25.813025; -80.1340639Coordinates: 25°48′46.89″N 80°8′2.63″W / 25.813025°N 80.1340639°W / 25.813025; -80.1340639
Country United States
State Florida
County Miami-Dade
Incorporated March 26, 1915
Government
 - Mayor Matti Herrera Bower
Area
 - City 18.7 sq mi (48.5 km2)
 - Land 7.0 sq mi (18.2 km2)
 - Water 11.7 sq mi (30.2 km2)  62.37%
Elevation 4 ft (1.2 m)
Population (2010)
 - City 87,779
 - Density 12,539.8/sq mi (4,841.6/km2)
 Metro 5,564,635
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
Zip 33109, 33139, 33140, 33141.
Area code(s) 305, 786
FIPS code 12-45025
GNIS feature ID 0286750
Website www.miamibeachfl.gov

Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, incorporated on March 26, 1915. The municipality is located on a barrier island between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter which separates the Beach from Miami city proper. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) of Miami Beach, along with Downtown Miami and the port collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 87,779. Miami Beach has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.

Contents

Description

In 1979 Miami Beach's Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world and comprises hundreds of hotels, apartments and other structures erected between 1923 and 1943. Mediterranean, Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District. The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East, Lenox Court on the West, 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North. The movement to preserve the Art Deco District's architectural heritage was led by former interior designer Barbara Capitman, who now has a street in the District named in her honor.

Government

Miami Beach is governed by a mayor and six commissioners. The mayor runs commission meetings and the mayor and all commissioners have equal voting power. The mayor serves for terms of two years with a term limit of three terms and commissioners serve for terms of four years and are limited to two terms. Commissioners are voted for by region and every two years three commission seats are voted upon. A city manager is responsible for administering governmental operations.

As of November 2009 the mayor is Matti Herrera Bower. The commissioners are Michael Gongora, Jerry Libbin, Jorge Exposito, Nathan Garg, Ed Tobin, Deede Weithorn, and Jonah Wolfson.

Culture

Image and cultural depictions

South Beach (also known as SoBe, or simply The Beach, the area from 1st street to about 25th street) is one of the more popular areas of Miami Beach. Topless sunbathing is legal on certain designated areas of the beach. Before the TV show Miami Vice helped make the area popular, SoBe was under urban blight, with vacant buildings and a high crime rate. Today, it is considered one of the richest commercial areas on the beach, yet poverty and crime still remain in some places near the area.

Miami Beach, particularly Ocean Drive of what is now the Art Deco District, was also featured prominently in the 1983 feature film Scarface and the 1996 comedy The Birdcage.

The New World Symphony Orchestra is based in Miami Beach, Florida, under the direction of Michael Tilson Thomas.

Lincoln Road, running east-west between 16th and 17th Streets, is a nationally known spot for outdoor dining, bicycling, rollerblading and shopping and features and galleries of well known designers, artists and photographers such as Romero Britto, Peter Lik, and Jonathan Adler.

Jewish population

Miami Beach is home to a number of Orthodox Jewish communities with a network of well-established synagogues and yeshivas, the first of which being the Landow Yeshiva, a Chabad institution in operation for over 30 years. In addition, there is also a liberal Jewish community containing such famous synagogues as Temple Emanu-El (Miami Beach, Florida) and Cuban Hebrew Congregation. It is also a magnet for Jewish families, retirees, and particularly snowbirds when the cold winter sets in to the north. They range from the Modern Orthodox to the Haredi and Hasidic – including many rebbes who vacation there during the North American winter.

There are a number of kosher restaurants and even kollels for post-graduate Talmudic scholars, such as the Miami Beach Community Kollel. Miami Beach had roughly 60,000 people in Jewish households, 62 percent of the total population, in 1982, but only 16,500, or 19 percent of the population, in 2004, said Ira Sheskin, a demographer at the University of Miami who conducts surveys once a decade.

Miami Beach is home to the Holocaust Memorial on Miami Beach.

LGBT Community

After decades of economic and social decline, an influx of gay men and lesbians moving to South Beach in the late-1980s to mid-1990s helped contribute to Miami Beach's revitalization. The newcomers purchased and restored dilapidated Art Deco hotels and clubs, started numerous businesses, and built political power in city and county government. As South Beach became more popular as a national and international tourist destination, there have been occasional clashes between cultures and disputes about whether South Beach is as "gay friendly" as it once was.

Miami Beach is home to numerous gay bars and gay-specific events, and 5 service and resource organizations. The passage of progressive civil rights laws, election of outspokenly pro-gay Miami Beach Mayor Matti Bower, and the introduction of Miami Beach's Gay Pride Celebration, have reinvigorated the local LGBT community in recent years, which some argued had experienced a decline in the late 2000s. A handful of anti-gay attacks and some instances of Miami Beach Police brutality against gay men have been at odds with Miami Beach's longstanding image as a welcoming place for gay people.

Miami Beach is home to some of the country's largest fundraisers that benefit both local and national LGBT nonprofits. As of 2011, some of the largest LGBT fundraisers in Miami Beach are:

In 2008, the new Miami Beach Mayor Matti Bower created a Gay Business Development Ad Hoc Committee, with a mission to bring recommendations to the Mayor and City Commission on initiatives to be implemented and supported by the City regarding a variety of issues to ensure the welfare and future of the Miami Beach LGBT community.

While being a gay mecca of the 80’s and 90’s, Miami Beach never had a city sanctioned Gay Pride Parade until April 2009. With strong support from the newly elected mayor Matti Bower., Miami Beach had its first Gay Pride Festival in April 2009. It is now an annual event. The 2010 Pride drew tens of thousands of people.

In 2009, the ACLU began looking into instances of Miami Beach police targeting gay men for harassment. In February 2010, ACLU announced that it will sue the City of Miami Beach for an ongoing targeting and arrests of gay men in public. According to the ACLU, Miami Beach police have a history of arresting gay men for simply looking “too gay”.

The incidents between gay men and MBPD resulted in negative publicity for the city. At the meeting with the local gay leaders, Miami Beach Police Chief Carlos Noriega claimed that the incidents were isolated, and promised increased diversity training for police officers. He also announced that captain, who is a lesbian, would soon be reassigned to internal affairs to handle complaints about cops accused of harassing gays. Some members of the committee were skeptical of Noriega's assertion that the recent case wasn't indicative of a larger problem in the MBPD, and provided examples of other cases.

In January 2010, Miami Beach passed a revised Human Rights Ordinance that strengthens enforcement of already existing human rights laws and adds protections for transgendered people, making Miami Beach’s human rights laws some of the most progressive in the state. Both residents of, and visitors to, Miami Beach have been able to register as domestic partners since 2004; in 2008 this benefit was extended to all of Miami-Dade County.

In 2010, the Miami-Dade Gay & Lesbian Chamber of Commerce, with support from the City of Miami Beach, opened an LGBT Visitor Center at Miami Beach's Old City Hall.

The Arts

Each December, the City of Miami Beach hosts Art Basel Miami Beach, one of the largest art shows in the United States. Art Basel Miami Beach, the sister event to the Art Basel event held each June in Basel, Switzerland, combines an international selection of top galleries with a program of special exhibitions, parties and crossover events featuring music, film, architecture and design. Exhibition sites are located in the city's Art Deco District, and ancillary events are scattered throughout the greater Miami metropolitan area.

Miami Beach is home to the New World Symphony, established in 1987 under the artistic direction of Michael Tilson Thomas. In January 2011, the New World Symphony made a highly publicized move into a new building designed by Canadian American Pritzker Prize-winning architect Frank Gehry. Gehry is famous for his design of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California. The new Gehry building offers Live Wallcasts™, which allow visitors to experience select events throughout the season at the half-acre, outdoor Miami Beach SoundScape through the use of visual and audio technology on a 7,000-square-foot (650 m2) projection wall.

The Miami City Ballet, a ballet company founded in 1985, which is housed in a 63,000 square foot building near Miami Beach's Bass Museum of Art.

The Miami Beach Festival of the Arts is an annual outdoor art festival that was begun in 1974.

In November 2007 and 2009, a multi-media art festival ("Sleepless Night") was held based on Nuit Blanche.[1][2][3] The festival returns on November 5th,2011.[4]

Geography and climate

South Beach in March 2008

Miami Beach is located at 25°48′47″N 80°08′03″W / 25.813025°N 80.134065°W / 25.813025; -80.134065 (25.813025, −80.134065).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.7 square miles (48.5 km2). 7.0 square miles (18.2 km2) of it is land and 11.7 square miles (30.2 km2) of it (62.37%) is water.

It has a Tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am), with hot humid summers and warm winters. There is a marked wet season during the summer months, with dry winters that feature much lower humidity. Miami Beach is one of only a handful of U.S. locales that has never recorded snow or snow flurries in recorded weather history.

Miami Beach's location on the Atlantic Ocean, near its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico make it extraordinarily vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms. It has experienced two direct hits from major hurricanes in recorded weather history; the 1926 Miami hurricane and Hurricane Cleo in 1964. The area has seen indirect contact from hurricanes Betsy (1965), Andrew (1992), Irene (1999), Michelle (2001), Katrina (2005), and Wilma (2005).

Climate data for Miami Beach, FL
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 87
(30.6)
88
(31.1)
92
(33.3)
94
(34.4)
98
(36.7)
97
(36.1)
98
(36.7)
98
(36.7)
96
(35.6)
95
(35)
92
(33.3)
86
(30)
98
(36.7)
Average high °F (°C) 73
(22.8)
73
(22.8)
75
(23.9)
79
(26.1)
82
(27.8)
86
(30)
87
(30.6)
87
(30.6)
86
(30)
83
(28.3)
78
(25.6)
75
(23.9)
80
(26.7)
Average low °F (°C) 63
(17.2)
63
(17.2)
66
(18.9)
70
(21.1)
74
(23.3)
77
(25)
78
(25.6)
78
(25.6)
78
(25.6)
75
(23.9)
70
(21.1)
65
(18.3)
71
(21.7)
Record low °F (°C) 32
(0)
37
(2.8)
32
(0)
46
(7.8)
58
(14.4)
65
(18.3)
66
(18.9)
67
(19.4)
67
(19.4)
54
(12.2)
39
(3.9)
32
(0)
32
(0)
Precipitation inches (mm) 2.4
(61)
2.1
(53)
2.2
(56)
2.8
(71)
4.9
(124)
6.9
(175)
3.6
(91)
5.4
(137)
6.3
(160)
4.5
(114)
3.3
(84)
2.0
(51)
46.4
(1,179)
Source: The Weather Channel

Miami Beach water temperature

This chart shows the average coastal water temperature for the Atlantic Ocean by month in degrees Fahrenheit for Miami Beach based on historical measurements.

January February March April 1–15 April 16–30 May 1–15 May 16–31 June 1–15 June 16–30 July 1–15 July 16–31 August 1–15 August 16–31 September 1–15 September 16–30 October 1–15 October 16–31 November December
71 73 75 78 78 80 81 84 85 86 86 86 84 84 83 83 79 76 73

Surrounding areas

Demographics

Miami Beach Demographics
2010 Census Miami Beach Miami-Dade County Florida
Total population 87,779 2,496,435 18,801,310
Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010 -0.2% +10.8% +17.6%
Population density 11,511.1/sq mi 1,315.5/sq mi 350.6/sq mi
White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic) 87.4% 73.8% 75.0%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) 40.5% 15.4% 57.9%
Black or African-American 4.4% 18.9% 16.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 53.0% 65.0% 22.5%
Asian 1.9% 1.5% 2.4%
Native American or Native Alaskan 0.3% 0.2% 0.4%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%
Two or more races (Multiracial) 2.7% 2.4% 2.5%
Some Other Race 3.2% 3.2% 3.6%

As of 2000, there were 46,194 households out of which 14.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 60.3% were non-families. 48.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older. The average household size was 1.87 and the average family size was 2.76.

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1920 644
1930 6,494 908.4%
1940 28,012 331.4%
1950 46,282 65.2%
1960 63,145 36.4%
1970 87,072 37.9%
1980 96,298 10.6%
1990 92,639 −3.8%
2000 87,933 −5.1%
2010 87,779 −0.2%

In the city the population was spread out with 13.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 38.2% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were sixty-five years of age or older. The median age was thirty-nine years. For every 100 females there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age eighteen and over, there were 105.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,322, and the median income for a family was $33,440. Males had a median income of $33,964 versus $27,094 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,853. About 17.0% of families and 21.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 24.5% of those age sixty-five or over.

As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 55% of residents, while English made up 33%, Portuguese was at 3.4%, French was at 1.7%, German at 1.1%, Italian 1%, and Russian was 0.85% of the population. Due to the large Jewish community, Yiddish was spoken at the home of 0.81% of the population, and Hebrew was the mother tongue of 0.74%.

As of 2000, Miami Beach had the 22nd highest concentration of Cuban residents in the United States, at 20.5% of the population. It had the 28th highest percentage of Colombian residents, at 4.4% of the city's population, and the 14th highest percentage of Brazilian residents, at 2.2% of the its population (tied with Hillside, New Jersey and Hudson, Massachusetts.) It also had the 27th largest concentration of Peruvian ancestry, at 1.85%, and the 27th highest percentage of people of Venezuelan heritage, at 1.79%. Miami Beach also has the 33rd highest concentration of Honduran ancestry (1.03%) and the 41st-highest percentage of Nicaraguan residents, which made up 1% of the population.

Transportation

Public Transportation in Miami Beach is operated by Miami-Dade Transit (MDT). Along with neighborhoods such as Downtown and Brickell, public transit is heavily used in Miami Beach, and is a vital part of city life. Although Miami Beach has no direct Metrorail stations, numerous Metrobus lines, connect to Downtown Miami and Metrorail (i.e.: the 'S' bus line). The 'South Beach Local' or 'SBL' is one of the most heavily-used lines in Miami, and connects all major points of South Beach to other major bus lines in the city. Metrobus ridership in Miami Beach is high, with some of the routes, such as the L and S alone being the busiest Metrobus routes.

The Airport-Beach Express (Route 150), operated by MDT, is a direct-service bus line that connects Miami International Airport to major points in South Beach. The ride costs $2.35, and runs every 30 minutes from 6:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. seven days a week.

Bicycling

In recent years, bicycling has grown in popular in Miami Beach. Due to its dense, urban nature, and pedestrian-friendly streets, many Miami Beach residents get around by bicycle.

In March 2011 a public bike sharing program named DECOBIKE was launched, one of only a handful of such programs in the United States. The program is operated by a private corporation, DECOBIKE, LLC., but is partnered with the City of Miami Beach in a revenue sharing model.. Once fully implemented, the program hopes to have around 1000 bikes accessible from 100 stations throughout Miami Beach, from around 85th Street on the north side of Miami Beach all the way south to South_Pointe_Park.

Education

Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Miami Beach.

  • North Beach Elementary
  • South Pointe Elementary
  • Biscayne Elementary
  • Feinberg/Fisher K - 8 Center
  • Treasure Island Elementary in nearby North Bay Village
  • Ruth K. Broad/ Bay Harbor Elementary in nearby Bay Harbor Islands
  • Nautilus Middle School (which is the only Public middle school for the Miami Beach area)
  • Miami Beach Senior High School (which is the only Public high school for the Miami Beach area)

Private schools include Alexander S. Gross Hebrew Academy, St. Patrick Catholic School, Landow Yeshiva – Lubavitch Educational Center (Klurman Mesivta High School for Boys and Beis Chana Middle and High School for Girls), and Mechina High School.

Colleges and universities

The Florida International University School of Architecture has a sister campus at 420 Lincoln Road in South Beach, with classroom spaces for FIU architecture, art, music and theater graduate students

Neighborhoods

A portion of the southern part of the South Beach skyline as seen from Biscayne Bay. Photo: Marc Averette
The northernmost section of the city referred to as North Beach
Ocean Drive on Super Bowl XLI weekend 2/3/2007. Photo: Marc Averette
  • Bayshore
    • Sunset Islands I & II
    • Sunset Islands III & IV
    • Sunset Harbour
  • Biscayne Point
    • Stillwater Drive Neighborhood
  • City Center
    • Collins Park
  • Fisher Island (A small portion of the island)
  • Flamingo/Lummus
    • Flamingo Park
    • Flamingo Park West
    • North Ocean Drive Area
    • South Beach
  • La Gorce
    • Allison Island
    • Aqua Allison Island
    • La Gorce Island
    • La Gorce Pine Tree
    • Lower North Bay Road Neighborhood
    • Middle North Bay Road Neighborhood
  • Nautilus
    • Alton Road Neighborhood
    • Lakeview/Surprise Lake
    • Orchard Park
  • North Shore
    • Little Buenos Aires
    • Normandy Fountain
    • Park View Island
  • Normandy Isles
    • Normandie Sud
  • Normandy Shores
  • Oceanfront
  • South Pointe
    • SoFi (South of Fifth)
  • Star Island, Palm Island, & Hibiscus Island
  • Venetian Islands, including Belle Isle
    • Biscayne Island
    • Di Lido Island
    • Rivo Alto Island
    • San Marco Island
    • San Marino Island
  • West Avenue/Bay Road
    • Lincoln West

Points of interest

  • Fillmore Miami Beach at the Jackie Gleason Theatre
  • Eden Roc (hotel)
  • Flagler Monument Island
  • Fontainebleau Hotel
  • Versace Mansion (Casa Casuarina)
  • Holocaust Memorial
  • Lincoln Road
  • Miami Beach Architectural District
  • Miami Beach Botanical Garden
  • Ocean Drive
  • South Beach
  • Wolfsonian-FIU Museum

Notable residents

Historical

  • George Ade, writer
  • Moses Annenberg, newspaper publisher
  • Desi Arnaz, entertainer
  • John Jacob Astor, businessman
  • Walter Briggs, Sr., entrepreneur, owner of The Detroit Tigers
  • Al Capone, mobster
  • John S. Collins, horticulturist
  • Kent Cooper, Associated Press
  • James M. Cox, Governor of Ohio and presidential candidate
  • Harvey Firestone, Firestone Tires
  • Carl Graham Fisher, developer of Miami Beach
  • Frank Gannett, Gannett Media Corporation
  • Jackie Gleason, comedian and actor
  • Gabriel Heatter, radio commentator
  • John D. Hertz, Hertz Rental Cars
  • Howard Hughes, businessman
  • S.S. Kresge, retailer
  • Albert Lasker, businessman
  • Nunnally Johnson, film director
  • Ring Lardner, writer
  • Bernarr MacFadden, bodybuilder, owner of the Deauville Hotel
  • James Cash Penney, department store magnate
  • Irving Jacob Reuter, General Motors
  • Grantland Rice, sportswriter
  • Knute Rockne, football player and coach
  • Damon Runyon, newspaperman and writer
  • Nicholas Schenck, MGM studios
  • Dutch Schultz, mobster
  • Albert Warner, Warner Brothers studio founder
  • Walter Winchell, columnist
  • Garfield Wood, inventor

Post-World War II

  • Ellen Barkin, actress
  • Edna Buchanan, journalist
  • Luther Campbell, rap performer
  • Frank Costello, mobster
  • Terry Cousin, football player, The Miami Dolphins
  • Frank Erickson, bookmaker
  • Gloria Estefan, entertainer
  • Joan Field, concert violinist
  • Roy Firestone, sportscaster and entertainer
  • Andy Garcia, actor
  • Barry Gibb and Maurice Gibb, singers, members of The Bee Gees
  • Mitch Glazer, writer and producer
  • Thomas Harris, writer
  • Maida Heatter, chef and author
  • Kim Hunter, actress
  • Dan Gelber, judge and Florida state senator
  • Chubby Jackson, jazz musician
  • Larry King, television host
  • Gerald Kogan, Chief Justice, Florida Supreme Court
  • Morris Lapidus, architect
  • Meyer Lansky, mobster
  • William Lehman, U.S. Representative
  • Jennifer Lopez, entertainer
  • Sheila MacRae, actress
  • Mark Medoff, playwright, screenwriter and director
  • Bob Mover, jazz musician
  • Murph the Surf, surfer and criminal
  • Chad Ochocinco, football player, The Cincinnati Bengals
  • Brett Ratner, film director
  • Martha Raye, entertainer, night club owner
  • Samari Rolle, football player, The Baltimore Ravens
  • Elliot Roosevelt, Miami Beach mayor, son of Franklin Delano Roosevelt
  • Stephen M. Ross, real estate developer, owner of The Miami Dolphins
  • Mickey Rourke, actor
  • Robert Rubin, former United States Secretary of the Treasury
  • Porfirio Rubirosa, diplomat
  • Duane Starks, football player, The Baltimore Ravens
  • Daniel Taradash, screenwriter
  • Dave Thomas, football player, The Dallas Cowboys
  • Michael Tilson Thomas, conductor
  • Neal Walk, NBA basketball player
  • Barbara Walters, television journalist
  • Louis Wolfson, financier, racehorse owner
  • Mitchell Wolfson, Jr., businessman, philanthropist
  • Mana Zucca, composer

Sister cities

Miami Beach has 11 sister cities

See also

Escudo de Miami.svg Miami portal
  • Neighborhoods of Miami Beach, Florida
  • List of upscale shopping districts
  • South Florida
  • Miami-Dade County
  • Miami Beach Police Department
  • Miami Modern Architecture
  • John S. Collins
  • Carl G. Fisher
  • Collins Bridge
  • Rosie the Elephant
  • A Hole in the Head (1959 film)
  • The Bellboy (1960 film)
  • Fair Game (1995 film)
  • Doral Hotel
  • Ocean Drive
  • Julia Tuttle Causeway
  • Macarthur Causeway
  • Venetian Causeway
  • Spring Break
  • 8th & Ocean

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  7. ^ MSNBC: South Beach: Life imitates art, quite vicely
  8. ^ a b c Miami Beach by the numbers - Miami Beach - MiamiHerald.com
  9. ^ Questioning South Beach’s Status as a Gay Mecca? :: EDGE Miami
  10. ^ Gays leave unfriendly South Beach for Fort Lauderdale - Page 1 - News - Miami - Miami New Times
  11. ^ Miami Beach Police face charges of anti-gay harassment :: EDGE Miami
  12. ^ Gay Miami Beach Travel Guide, Gay South Beach Guide
  13. ^ The Inaugural Miami Beach Gay Pride 2009 - Miami - Slideshows
  14. ^ Celebrate Pride on Miami Beach!
  15. ^ miamibeachgaypride.com
  16. ^ Steve Rothaus' Gay South Florida
  17. ^ Steve Rothaus' Gay South Florida
  18. ^ ACLU Gives Notice Of Intent To Sue Miami Beach For Unlawful Arrest Of Gay Men And Individuals Who Report Police Misconduct | American Civil Liberties Union
  19. ^ ACLU To Sue Miami Beach For Targeting Gay Men | On Top Magazine :: Gay & Lesbian News, Entertainment, Commentary & Travel
  20. ^ Steve Rothaus' Gay South Florida
  21. ^ Police Chief Carlos Noriega Meets With Miami Beach's Gay Leaders Over ACLU Suit, Promises Changes - Miami News - Riptide 2.0
  22. ^ Breaking News - Two New Local Ordinances Support Equality For Gay Residents Of Miami Beach And South Miami | Save Dade
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  37. ^ 2011-02_Ridership_Technical_Report.pdf
  38. ^ miamiherald.com
  39. ^ http://www.decobike.com/decofaq.php#where-revenues-go
  40. ^ http://www.transitmiami.com/bicycle-sharing/deco-bikes-south-florida-bikeshare-debut
  41. ^ FIU College of Architecture + The Arts to open new home on Lincoln Road
  42. ^ "Miami Beach Sister Cities Program". Miamibeachsistercities.com. http://miamibeachsistercities.com/. Retrieved 2009-04-21. 
  43. ^ "Historic Sister City Agreemtn Between Brampton and Miami Beach, Florida" (PDF). City of Brampton, Canada. 2008-10-03. http://www.brampton.ca/media-releases/08-054.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-05. 

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