Mardin
Mardin
| Mardin | |||
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| Coordinates: 37°19′0″N 40°44′16″E / 37.316667°N 40.73778°ECoordinates: 37°19′0″N 40°44′16″E / 37.316667°N 40.73778°E | |||
| Country |  Turkey |
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| Region | Southeastern Anatolia | ||
| Province | Mardin | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Süleyman Yıldız | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 8,806 km2 (3,400 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 1,083 m (3,553 ft) | ||
| Population (2009) | |||
| - Density | 80/km2 (207.2/sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 82.444 | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Postal code | 47x xx | ||
| Area code(s) | 0482 | ||
| Licence plate | 47 | ||
| Website | Mardinimiz.net | ||
Mardin (Arabic: ماردين, Mardīn, Kurdish: Mêrdîn, Syriac: ܡܶܪܕܺܝܢ meaning fortresses) is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province, it is known for its Arabic architecture, and for its strategic location on a rocky mountain overlooking the plains of northern Syria.
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History
Most Syriac Orthodox churches and monasteries in the city were built on ancient Assyrian-Babylonian temple sites and some are still active today. The Syriac Orthodox دير الزعفران Saffron Monastery was founded in 439 AD and is one of the oldest monasteries in the world and the only one that is still functioning in Northern Kurdistan - Turkey. From 1160 until 1932, it was the seat of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch, until the Patriarchate relocated to the Syrian capital Damascus. The site of the monastery itself is said to have been used as a temple by sun worshippers as long ago as 2000 BC. Mardin is likely the Maride and Marida of the Greeks and Romans. Another important church, Kırklar Kilisesi (Church of the 40 Martyrs), originally built in the name of Benham and Saro, the two sons of the Assyrian ruler who executed them because they chose to become Christian, dates from 569 AD, and even during its use as a capital by the Artukid Turkish dynasty which ruled Eastern Anatolia and Northern Mesopotamia between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries. The 12th century Sitti Radviyye Madrasa, the oldest of its kind in Anatolia, dates from this period.
The lands of the Artukid dynasty fell to the Mongols who took control of the region in 1394, but the Mongols never directly governed the area. Mardin was later controlled by the Turkic tribes who came from Central Asia Akkoyunlu kingdom. The Kasımiye Madrasa was built by Sultan Kasım, son of the Akkoyunlu Sultan Cihangir, between 1457 and 1502. In 1517, Mardin was conquered by Ottoman Turks. During 1915-1916, Arab, Assyrian/Syriac and Armenian Christians of all denominations were massacred or driven away.
In popular culture
Mardin is the one of the two main settings in the popular Turkish television series.
Mosques
Melikşah Grand Mosque (Ulucami Neighborhood in Central Mardin)
Melik Mahmud Mosque (in Savurkapı Neighborhood)
Abdüllatif Mosque 'in Cumhuriyet Bazaar
Zeynelabidin Mosque (in Nusaybin)
Koçhisar Mosque (in Kızıltepe)
Şehidiye Medresse and Mosque (Mardin)
Selsel Mosque (In Teker Neighborhood)
Necmettin Gazi Mosque (Necmettin Neighborhood)
Kasım Tuğmaner Mosque (on the 1st Avenue)
Reyhaniye Mosque (in Hasan Ayyar Bazaar)
Hamidiye Mosque (on the 1st Avenue)
Süleymanpaşa Mosque (in Şehidiye Neighborhood)
Secaattin and Mehmet Mosque (on Yeniyol at the center)
Hamza-i Kebir Mosque (in Savurkapı Neighborhood)
Şeyh Abdülaziz Mosque (to the west of Cumhuriyet Bazaar)
Melik Eminettin el Emin Mosque (in Eminettin Neighborhood)
Sıtra Zaviye Mosque (Gül Neighborhood)
Şeyh Salih Mosque (on Yeniyol at the center)
Mahmut Türki Mosque (in Diyarbakır Neighborhood)
Sarı Mosque (Necmettin or Maristan)
Şeyh Çabuk Mosque (in Çabuk Neighborhood)
Nizamettin Begaz Mosque (in Diyarbakır Kapı Neighborhood)
Kale Mosque (in Mardin Fortress)
Dinari Mosque (in Jeweler's Bazaar)
Grand Mosque (Ulu Camii in Midyat)
Churches
Meryemana (Virgin Mary) Church (Mardin)
Mor Yusuf (Surp Hovsep) Church (Mardin)
Mor Behnam Church (Mardin)
Deyrü'zzafaran Monastery (Mardin)
Hah Virgin Mary Church (Midyat)
Mor Gabriyel Monastery (Midyat)
Mor Yakup Monastery (Nusaybin)
Mor Dimet Monastery
Mor Mihail Church (Center-Big Church)
Mor Semune Church (Mardin)
Mor Dimet Monastery
Mor Petrus and Pavlus Church (Mardin)
Surp Kevork Church (Derik)
Virgin Mary Protestant Church (Midyat)
Red (Surp Kevork) Church (Mardin)
Mor Cercis Church (Eskikale- Mardin)
Mor Efraim Monastery (Mardin)
Mor Abraham Church (Midyat)
Climate
Mardin has a semi-arid climate with ver hot and dry summers and cold and wet and occasionally snowy winters. Temperatures in summer usually increase to 40°C - 50°C (104°F - 122°F) due to Mardin being situated right next to the border of Syria. Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two. Mardin has over 3000 hours of sun per year. Mardin hold Turkey's heat record of +48.8°C.
| Climate data for Mardin | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.1 (43) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
24.2 (75.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
35.3 (95.5) |
34.9 (94.8) |
30.4 (86.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
20.39 (68.71) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
7.7 (45.9) |
2.7 (36.9) |
12.22 (53.99) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 99.8 (3.929) |
116.0 (4.567) |
94.6 (3.724) |
75.5 (2.972) |
37.7 (1.484) |
8.6 (0.339) |
4.2 (0.165) |
2.6 (0.102) |
4.8 (0.189) |
34.9 (1.374) |
68.7 (2.705) |
110.8 (4.362) |
658.2 (25.913) |
| Avg. rainy days | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 6.6 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 5.3 | 7.4 | 10.5 | 74.7 |
| Sunshine hours | 139.5 | 142.8 | 189.1 | 222 | 310 | 375 | 396.8 | 368.9 | 315 | 238.7 | 174 | 136.4 | 3,008.2 |
| Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [1] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
- The world's tallest living man since 2009, Sultan Kösen, lives nearby.
- The Turkish poet Murathan Mungan hails from Mardin.
- Blessed Ignatius Maloyan was the Armenian Catholic Church's Archbishop of Mardin. After refusing to convert to Islam, Archbishop Maloyan was murdered as part of the Armenian Genocide.
- Birthplace of photographer Yousuf Karsh.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Mardin is twinned with:
Ljubljana, Slovenia, since 2003
See also
- Mardin (Chaldean Diocese)
- Tur Abdin
- Midyat
Notes
- ^ Mardin, Turkey, from planetware.com
- ^ http://sor.cua.edu/ChMon/MardinDKurkmo/index.html
- ^ http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=assyrian-monastery-dated-back-to-4000-years-2010-01-03
- ^ Jacques Rhétoré: Les chrétiens aux bêtes. Souvenirs de la guerre sainte proclamée par les Turcs contre les chrétiens en 1915, Les éditions du cerf, Paris 2005 ISBN 2-204-07243-5, pp. 13
- ^ Yves Ternon: Mardin 1915. Mardin dans le génocide arménien. in: Revue d'Histoire Arménienne Contemporaine, Tome IV - 2002
- ^ Satter, Raphael (16 Sept 09), 8'1" Turk takes title of world's tallest man, http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/eu_britain_tallest_man, retrieved 17 Sept 09
- ^ Blessed Ignatius Maloyan
- Ayliffe, Rosie, et al.. (2000) The Rough Guide to Turkey. London: Rough Guides.
- Gaunt, David: Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I, Gorgias Press, Piscataway (NJ) 2006 I
- Grigore, George (2007), L'arabe parlé à Mardin. Monographie d'un parler arabe périphérique. Bucharest: Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, ISBN (13) 978-973-737-249-9 [2]
- Jastrow, Otto (1969), Arabische Textproben aus Mardin und Asex, in "Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft" (ZDMG) 119 : 29-59.
- Jastrow, Otto (1992), Lehrbuch der Turoyo-Sprache in "Semitica Viva – Series Didactica", Wiesbaden : Otto Harrassowitz.
- Minorsky, V. (1991), Mārdīn, in "The Encyclopaedia of Islam". Leiden: E. J. Brill.
- Niebuhr, Carsten (1778), Reisebeschreibung, Copenhagen, II:391-8
- Shumaysani, Hasan (1987), Madinat Mardin min al-fath al-'arabi ila sanat 1515. Bayrūt: 'Ālam al-kutub.
- Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste (1692), Les six voyages, I:187
- Sasse, Hans-Jürgen (1971), Linguistische Analyse des Arabischen Dialekts der Mhallamīye in der Provinz Mardin (Südossttürkei), Berlin.
- Socin, Albert (1904), Der Arabische Dialekt von Mōsul und Märdīn, Leipzig.
- della Valle, Pietro (1843), Viaggi, Brighton, I: 515
- Wittich, Michaela (2001), Der arabische Dialekt von Azex, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
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Mardin in 
