Makhachkala
Makhachkala
| Makhachkala (English) Махачкала (Russian) МахIачхъала (Avar) Магьачкъала (Kumyk) |
|
|---|---|
| - City - | |
 |
|
 Location of the Republic of Dagestan in Russia |
|
 Makhachkala
|
|
| Coordinates: 42°58′N 47°30′E / 42.967°N 47.5°ECoordinates: 42°58′N 47°30′E / 42.967°N 47.5°E | |
 |
 |
|
|
|
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Republic of Dagestan |
| Capital of | Republic of Dagestan |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Makhachkala Urban Okrug |
| City Head | Said Amirov |
| Representative body | Assembly of Deputies |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 466.3 km2 (180.0 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
578,000 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2010 | 26th |
| Population (2002 Census) | 462,412 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2002 | 37th |
| Population (2007 est.) | 620,500 inhabitants |
| Density | 1,240 /km2 (3,200 /sq mi) |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00) |
| Founded | 15th century |
| Previous names | Petrovskoye (until 1857), Petrovsk-Port (until 1921) |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8722 |
| Official website | |
Makhachkala (Russian: Махачкала́; Avar: МахIачхъала; Lezgian: Магьачкъала; Kumyk: Магьачкъала, Mağaçqala) is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 578,000.
Contents |
History
Makhachkala's historic predecessor was the town of Tarki, now a near suburb, whose history goes back to the 15th century and possibly much earlier. The modern city of Makhachkala was founded in 1844 as a fortress; town status was granted in 1857. The original Russian name of the city was Petrovskoye (Петро́вское)—after the Russian tsar Peter the Great who visited the region in 1722. However, among the locals it was known as Anzhi-Qala (A Fortress of Soil, Qala or Kala قلعه means Fortress in Arabic and Turkic). The city was renamed Petrovsk-Port (Петро́вск-Порт) in 1857, sometimes simply Petrovsk, and then Makhachkala in 1921. The city incurred major damage during the earthquake of May 14, 1970. It was shortly renamed as Shamilkala in 1920s and was occupied by Ottoman Empire between October 6, 1918 and November 17, 1918.
In January 1919, during the Russian Civil War, the British based No. 221 Squadron Royal Air Force at Petrovsk. In March they were joined by No. 266 Squadron and both squadrons were involved in bombing operations against Bolshevik forces in Astrakhan and elsewhere. In August 1919 both squadrons were withdrawn from Petrovsk.
City districts
Administratively, the city is divided into three city districts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, and Sovetsky.
Demographics
The population of Makhachkala included: [1]
- Avars (21%)
- Russians (18%)
- Kumyks (15%)
- Dargins (12.4%)
- Laks (12%)
- Lezgins (9.5%)
- Chechens (4.3%)
- Azeri (1.6%)
Transportation
The city is served by Uytash Airport, Russian Railways and Caspian Sea International Port.
Climate
Climate of Makhachkala has elements of (warm) subtropical and (chill) continental climate, with influence of semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) - which occurs in the entire basin of the Caspian Sea.
| Climate data for Makhachkala | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) |
3.5 (38.3) |
7.2 (45) |
14.1 (57.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.6 (81.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
6.1 (43) |
15.63 (60.13) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
1.1 (34) |
4.5 (40.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.0 (77) |
24.1 (75.4) |
19.9 (67.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
12.53 (54.55) |
| Average low °C (°F) | -2.1 (28.2) |
-1.4 (29.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
5.6 (42.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
9.37 (48.87) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 24 (0.94) |
31 (1.22) |
22 (0.87) |
19 (0.75) |
24 (0.94) |
24 (0.94) |
25 (0.98) |
23 (0.91) |
36 (1.42) |
44 (1.73) |
27 (1.06) |
29 (1.14) |
328 (12.91) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 59 |
| Sunshine hours | 74.4 | 72.5 | 105.4 | 171.0 | 244.9 | 279.0 | 282.1 | 269.7 | 195.0 | 151.9 | 81.0 | 68.2 | 1,995.1 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization (UN), Hong Kong Observatory for data of sunshine hours | |||||||||||||
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Makhachkala is twinned with:
Sfax, Tunisia.
Siping, China.
Spokane, United States.
Vladikavkaz, Russia.
Yalova, Turkey.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2010). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ http://www.bkd.org.tr/tavkul.asp
- ^ Bowyer, Chaz (1988). RAF Operations 1918-1938. London: William Kimber. pp. 40, 41. ISBN 0718306716.
- ^ "Weather Information for Mahackala". http://www.worldweather.org/107/c01038.htm.
- ^ "Climatological Information for Mahackala, Russia". http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/russia/mahackala_e.htm.
See also
|
|||||
|
|||||||||||||||||
