Krasnodar
Krasnodar
| Krasnodar (English) Краснодар (Russian) |
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 Location of Krasnodar Krai in Russia |
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 Krasnodar
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| Coordinates: 45°02′N 38°58′E / 45.033°N 38.967°ECoordinates: 45°02′N 38°58′E / 45.033°N 38.967°E | |
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| City Day | Last non-working day of September |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Krasnodar Krai |
| Administrative center of | Krasnodar Krai |
| Municipal status (as of December 2007) | |
| Urban okrug | Krasnodar Urban Okrug |
| Head | Vladimir Yevlanov |
| Representative body | City Duma |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 841.36 km2 (324.85 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
744,933 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2010 | 17th |
| Population (2002 Census) | 646,175 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2002 | 18th |
| Density | 885 /km2 (2,290 /sq mi) |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00) |
| Founded | January 12, 1794 |
| Previous names | Yekaterinodar (until 1920) |
| Postal code(s) | 350000–350090 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 861 |
| Official website | |
Krasnodar (Russian: Краснода́р) is a city in Southern Russia, located on the Kuban River about 148 kilometers (92 mi) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. It is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai (also known as Kuban). Population: 744,933 (2010 Census preliminary results); 646,175 (2002 Census); 620,516 (1989 Census).
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Name
The city was founded on January 12, 1794 (Gregorian calendar) as Yekaterinodar (Екатеринода́р). The original name meant "Catherine's Gift" simultaneously in recognition of Catherine the Great's grant of land in the Kuban region to the Black Sea Cossacks (later the Kuban Cossacks) and in recognition of Saint Catherine, the Martyr, who is considered to be the patron of the city. After the October Revolution, Yekaterinodar was renamed Krasnodar (December 1920). There are two potential meanings for the new name of the city: Krasno- (Красно-), meaning either 'beautiful' (an older root) or 'red' (especially relevant considering the political atmosphere of the time); and -dar (-дар), meaning 'gift'. Thus, the city's name means either beautiful gift or red gift (i.e. 'gift of the reds')..
History
The origin of the city starts with a fortress built by the Cossacks in order to defend imperial borders and claim Russian ownership over Circassia, which was contested by Ottoman Turkey. In the first half of the 19th century Yekaterinodar grew into a busy center of the Kuban Cossacks. It was granted town status in 1867. By 1888 about 45,000 people lived in the city and it became a vital trade center of southern Russia. In 1897, an obelisk commemorating 200 year old history of Kuban Cossack Host was built in Yekaterinodar.
During the Russian Civil War the city changed hands several times between the Red Army and Volunteer Army, many Kuban Cossacks were committed anti-Bolsheviks who supported the White Movement.
During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Krasnodar was occupied by the German Army between August 12, 1942 and February 12, 1943. The city sustained heavy damage in the fighting but was rebuilt and renovated after the war.
In the summer of 1943, the Soviets began trials, including of their own citizens, for collusion with the Nazis and participation in war crimes. The first such trial was held at Krasnodar on July 14–17, 1943. This was the first public trial of the mass murder of Jews during the Holocaust. The Krasnodar tribunal pronounced eight death sentences, which were summarily conducted in the city square in front of a crowd of about thirty thousand people.
Famous Russian soprano Anna Netrebko, soprano Evgenia Kononova, cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, counterrevolutionary Andrei Shkuro and rhythmic gymnast Inna Zhukova were born in Krasnodar. Another notable native of Krasnodar is Greece basketball international Lazaros Papadopoulos, who emigrated to Greece with his Pontic Greek parents when he was 10 years old.
Main sights
Krasnodar is home to the steel lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1928; it is located near Krasnodar Circus.
Other attractions include St. Catherine's Cathedral, the State Arts Museum, a park and theatre named after Maxim Gorky, the beautiful concert hall of the Krasnodar Philharmonic Society, which is considered to have some of the best acoustics in southern Russia, State Cossack Choir and the Krasnodar circus
The most interesting place of Krasnodar is Krasnaya Street (which translates as "Red, Beautiful Street"). There are situated many sights of Krasnodar. In the beginning of this street one can see the Central Concert Hall; at the other end one can see the Avrora cinemacenter. A "Triumphal Arch" is situated in the middle of Krasnaya Street.
Transportation
The main airline is Kuban Airlines (at Krasnodar International Airport), and the largest hotels in the city include the Intourist, Hotel Moskva, and Hotel Platan. Krasnodar uses a 220 V/50 Hz power supply with two round-pin outlets, like most European countries.
Public transportation within Krasnodar consists of city buses, trolleybuses, trams, and marshrutkas. Trolleybuses and trams, both powered by overhead electric wires, are the main form of transportation in Krasnodar. Unlike Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Krasnodar does not have a metro system.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Yekaterinodar was introduced in 1841 by the Cossack yesaul Ivan Chernik. The royal letter "E" in the middle is for Ekaterina II (Russian for Catherine II). It also depicts the date city was founded, the Imperial double headed eagle (symbolizing Tsar's patronage of Black Sea Cossacks), a bulawa of a Cossack ataman, Yekaterinodar fortress, and flags with letters "E", "P", "A", and "N" standing for Catherine II, Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I. Yellow stars around the shield symbolized 59 Black Sea stanitsas around the city.
Climate
| Climate data for Krasnodar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
26.7 (80.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
24.6 (76.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
17.2 (63) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | -1.1 (30) |
0.4 (32.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
11.2 (52.2) |
6.5 (43.7) |
2.2 (36) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | -4.1 (24.6) |
-2.5 (27.5) |
0.7 (33.3) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.3 (43.3) |
3.2 (37.8) |
-0.7 (30.7) |
7.0 (44.6) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 61 (2.4) |
41 (1.61) |
45 (1.77) |
59 (2.32) |
64 (2.52) |
78 (3.07) |
53 (2.09) |
53 (2.09) |
41 (1.61) |
47 (1.85) |
67 (2.64) |
81 (3.19) |
690 (27.17) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 9 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 85 |
| Sunshine hours | 71.3 | 87.0 | 136.4 | 180.0 | 248.0 | 276.0 | 303.8 | 285.2 | 237.0 | 173.6 | 87.0 | 55.8 | 2,141.1 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization,, Hong Kong Observatory for data of sunshine hours | |||||||||||||
International relations
Twin towns/sister cities
Krasnodar has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):
Notable people
- Anna Netrebko (b. 1971), opera singer
- Alexander Tamanian (1878–1936), Armenian neoclassical architect
- Gennady Padalka (b. 1958), cosmonaut
- Alexandre Bondar (b. 1972), writer and novelist
- Sergei Tiviakov (b. 1973), chess Grandmaster
- Eduard Kokcharov (b. 1975), handball player
- Natalia Chernova (b. 1976), gymnast
- Lazaros Papadopoulos (b. 1980), Greek basketball player
- Inna Zhukova (b. 1986), rhythmic gymnast
- ^ a b Charter of Krasnodar Krai, Article 13
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2010). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ "Weather Information for Krasnodar". May 2011. http://www.worldweather.org/107/c01027.htm.
- ^ "Climatological Information for Krasnodar, Russia" – Hong Kong Observatory
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