Benin City
Benin City
| Benin City | |
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| — Major city — | |
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 Benin City
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| Coordinates: 6°19′N 5°36′E / 6.317°N 5.6°E | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Edo State |
| Population (2006) | |
| - Total | 1,147,188 |
Benin City, is a city (2006 est. pop. 1,147,188) and the capital of Edo State in southern Nigeria. It is a city approximately twenty-five miles north of the Benin River. It is situated 200 miles by road east of Lagos. Benin is the center of Nigeria's rubber industry, but processing palm nuts for oil is also an important traditional industry.
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History
Benin City,was under the rule of Ogisos meaning Kings of the sky. When the last Ogiso died the chiefs were on disagreement on who would be the next Ogiso so the Benin sent a message to Ife to the Oni of ife Oba Oduduwa the king of Ife to send them a king, Oba Oduduwa then sent them his grandson prince Oranmiyan. When Oranmiyan came to Benin he struggled with the culture and ways of Benin so he then decided to leave Benin, on this Oba Oranmiyan changed the name of the city to Ile-Ibinu (1180-1897) which means "House of Vexation" in the Yoruba language. Before leaving Benin Oranmiyan had a son by princess Erewinde who could not talk when Oranmiyan heard of this he sent seven marbles for his child to play with, when his son was playing with the marbles one of the marbles broke he immediately said owomika or Eweka. He immediately became the first Oba of Benin Eweka I changing the name of Ogiso to be tiled Oba meaning king in yoruba language. And the town became ile binu, Oba Ewedo would later change this name to "Ubinu" which the Portuguese interpreted as "Benin" in their own language. Around 1470, Ewuare changed the name of the state to Edo. This was about the time the people of Okpekpe migrated from Benin City.
The Portuguese visited Benin City around 1485. Benin grew rich during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries due to the slave trade with the Dutch and the Portuguese, as well as through the export of tropical products.
The Bight of Benin's shore was part of the so-called "Slave Coast", from where many West Africans were sold to foreign slave traders who enticed them to sell able-bodied men into bonded servitude to Europe. In the early sixteenth century the Oba sent an ambassador to Lisbon, and the King of Portugal sent Christian missionaries to Benin. Some residents of Benin could still speak a pidgin Portuguese in the late nineteenth century. Many Portuguese loan words can still be found in the languages of the area.
On 1 February 1852 the whole Bight of Benin became a British protectorate, where a consul represented the protector, until on 6 August 1861 the Bights of Biafra and Benin became a united British protectorate, again under a British Consul.
On 17 February 1897, Benin City fell to the British. In the "Punitive Expedition", a 1200-strong British force, under the command of Admiral Sir Harry Rawson, conquered and burned the city, destroying much of the country's treasured art and dispersing nearly all that remained. No thorough studies have been done so far in order to estimate the number of Nigerians massacred by the British and other Europeans during these periods, as well as the extent of crimes against humanity such as rapes and tortures to the local dwellers by the European invaders. The "Benin Bronzes", portrait figures, busts, and groups created in iron, carved ivory, and especially in brass (conventionally called "bronze"), were taken from the city by the British and are displayed in museums around the world. This act was perpetuated by the British who also auctioned some of the bronzes allegedly to cater for their expenses incurred during the invasion of the city. Most of these artifacts can be found today in British museums and other parts of the world. Ever since, series of appeals have gone to the British government to return such artifacts. The most prominent of these artifacts was the famous Queen Idia mask used as a mascot during the Second Festival of Arts Culture (FESTAC '77) held in Nigeria in 1977 now known as "Festac Mask".
The defeat, capture and subjugation of Benin paved the way for British military occupation and the merging of later regional British conquests into the Niger Coast Protectorate, the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and finally, into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. The Benin monarchy was restored in 1914, but true power lay with the colonial administration of Nigeria.
Education
Benin City is home to some of Nigeria's institutions of higher learning, namely, The University of Benin, Ambrose Alli University (Previously Edo State University), Igbinedion University, the Benson Idahosa University -renowned for its advancement in Information Technology, Entrepreneurship and Leadership development. Benin City also has one of the best secondary schools in Nigeria and these include, Edo College, Eghosa Grammar School, Edokpolor Grammar School, Niger College, Presentation National High School, Immaculate conception Collge, Idia College, University of Benin Demonstration Secondary School, University Preparatory Secondary School, Headquarters of Word of Faith Group of Schools, Nosakhare Model Education Centre and Igbinedion Educational Centre, Federal Government Girls College Benin-city, Paragon Comprehensive College.
Culture
Attractions in the city include the National Museum Benin city, the Oba Palace, Igun Street (-famous for bronze casting and other metal works for centuries). Other attractions include various festivals and the Benin Moats (measuring about 20 to 40 ft), the famous King's Square on Ring Road and its traditional markets.
Beninese are known for bronze sculpture, its casting skills and their arts and craft. Benin city is also reputed taking in one of the oldest sustained monarchies in the world. Various festivals are held in Benin city yearly to celebrate various historic occasions and seasons. Igue Festival is the most popular of the festivals where the Oba celebrates the history and culture of his people and blesses the land and the people. It is celebrated at a time between Christmas and New Year.
Recent development
Since Adams oshiomole assumed office in August 2008 many roads and public development has been noticed in the city. construction of new roads, Ringroad beautification and job creation. good network of roads, a bustling commercial centre, and all the bells and whistles of city life. Economic and efficient buses at a ton 100 where bought by the current administration to ease traffic congestion.
http://www.edostate.gov.ng/category/image-galleries/infrastructure
Bibliography
- Bondarenko D. M. A Homoarchic Alternative to the Homoarchic State: Benin Kingdom of the thirteenth - nineteenth Centuries. Social Evolution & History. 2005. Vol. 4, No 2. P. 18-88.
Coordinates: 6°19′03″N 5°36′52″E / 6.3176°N 5.6145°E