Indore
Indore
| Indore इंदूर/इंदौर |
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| The City of Ahilyabai Holkar ("Mini Bombay") | |
| — metropolitan city — | |
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| Coordinates | 22°25′N 75°32′E / 22.42°N 75.54°ECoordinates: 22°25′N 75°32′E / 22.42°N 75.54°E |
| Country | India |
| Region | Malwa |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| District(s) | Indore District |
| Population • Density |
19,91,000 (2011[update]) • 9,718 /km2 (25,170 /sq mi) |
| Sex ratio | 0.920 ♂/♀ |
| Literacy | 77.00% |
| Official languages | Hindi |
|---|---|
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
3,898 square kilometres (1,505 sq mi) • 553 metres (1,814 ft) |
| Climate • Precipitation |
Cfa (Köppen) • 945 mm (37.2 in) |
| Website | www.indore.nic.in |
Indore (Hindi: इंदौर 
pronunciation (help·info)) is a major city and commercial center of the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 25,24,912. It is the largest city of Madhya Pradesh, the 15th largest city in India and the 147th largest city in the world. It is also the commercial capital of the state and serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division.
Indore is the only city of India that has both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). These two premier education institutions are located in the city, not very far from the city center. Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, a unit of Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, engaged in R&D in non-nuclear front-line research areas of lasers, particle accelerators and related technologies, is located in Rau, Indore. It houses two special economic zones: Pithampur and Sanwer. Pithampur, often called the 'Detroit of India', has many automobile industries and some of the largest pharmaceutical companies. Sanwer, on the other hand, has steel industries, including The Indo-German Tool Room. As Indore expands, it shares its border with two cites, Ujjain and an industrial town called Dewas. Ujjain is one of the seven sacred cites of India, having many famous temples and is a major tourist destination. Dewas is famous for the RBI press and hosts several automobile parts manufacturing companies.
During the days of the Maratha Empire Indore was an important hub between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.
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Etymology
Theories explaining the origins and etymology behind Indore's name differ. Formerly, the city of Indore was known by many different names. The first expected name of the city was Indreshwar which was named after the Indreshwar Temple in the city. The present name, Indore, originated from the Indreshwar temple constructed in 1741 by Ved Manuj.
History
The founders of Indore were the ancestors of the present zamindars of the region which spread from the banks of Narmada to the borders of Rajputana. Their headquarters were at a village called Kampel. In Mughal times, the founders of these families received the title of Chaudhari, which established their claim to the land. In the 18th century, the control of Malwa passed to the Peshwa clan, and the Chaudharis came to be known as "Mandloi"s (derived from Mandals meaning districts). The Holkars conferred the title of Rao Raja upon the family. The family retained its possessions of royalty, which included having an elephant, Nishan, Danka and Gadi even after the advent of Holkars and also retained the right of performing the first puja of Dushera (Shami Pujan) before the Holkar rulers.
Under Mughal rule, the family enjoyed great influence and was accorded confirmatory sanads by the Emperors Aurangzeb, Alamgir, and Farukhshayar, confirming their 'Jagir' rights. Rao Nandlal Chaudhary Zamindar, upon visiting the court of Delhi, received a special place in the emperor’s court along with two jewel studded swords (now on display in the Royal British Museum under the family's name) and confirmatory sanads. Raja Savai Jai singh of Jaipur, a personal friend of his, gifted him with a special "Gold Langar" which guaranteed a special place to him in all the Durbars of India. The family’s respectability and influence over Malwa was instrumental in the ascent of the Peshwas and Holkars to rulership of this region.
Rao Nandlal Chaudhary, the founder of Indore, was the Chief Zamindar (landlord), and had an army of 2000 soldiers. In 1713, Nizam was appointed as the controller of the Deccan plateau area, which renewed the struggle between the Marathas and the Mughals.
While visiting the temple of Indreshwar near the banks of river Saraswati, Rao Nandlal found the location to be safe and strategically located, being surrounded by rivers on all sides. He started moving his people in, and constructed the fort of Shree Sansthan Bada Rawala to protect them from harassment by Mughals. The city was named Indrapur (after Lord Indreshwar), and eventually came to be known as Indore.
Baji Rao Peshwa finally took control of Malwa in 1733 A.D. Malhar Rao Holkar was one of the four signatories who guaranteed the proper fulfillment of the conditions. Upon victory the Peshwas appointed Malhar Rao Holkar as a “Subhedar”, which marked the beginning of Holkars' reign in Malwa.
Thus, Indore came to be ruled by the Maratha Maharajas of the Holkar dynasty. The dynasty's founder, Malhar Rao Holkar, (1694–1766), was granted control of Malwa Maratha armies in 1724, and in 1733, was installed as the Maratha governor of the region. By the end of his reign, the Holkar state was de facto independent. He was succeeded by his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar who ruled from 1767 to 1795. She ruled from a palace-fort at Maheshwar, south of Indore on the Narmada River. Ahilyabai Holkar was an architectural patron who donated money for the construction of Hindu temples across India. In 1818, the Holkars were defeated by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, and the Holkar kingdom became a part of the British Raj. As a result of this defeat in the Battle of Mahidpur, the treaty of Mandsaur was signed, through which the Cantonment town of Mhow was handed over to the British. The treaty also decreed that the capital of the Holkar state would shift from Maheshwar to Indore.
Indore is the 'karmbhumi' of Guru Radha Kishan. There are many respected names from the state who participated in the Indian freedom struggle but his simplicity, selflessness and complete insulation from material desire sets him apart from many others who held high offices in Independent India. His colleagues includes gandhian Prof. Mahesh Dutt Mishr, former Indore MP Homi F Dazi, painter Narayan Shridhar Bendre, freedom fighters Vinayakrao Sahasrbude, Ramchandra Sarvate, Anant Laagu and Padma Vibhushan Vinayak Sarvate.
After India's independence in 1947, Indore, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, became part of the Indian state of Madhya Bharat. Indore was designated the summer capital of this newly created state. On November 1, 1956, Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh and Bhopal was chosen as the capital. The city palace was the seat of administration of the rulers of the Malwa region – The Holkars (26 May 1728 to 20 April 1948).
Geography
Indore is located in the western region of Madhya Pradesh, on the southern edge of the Malwa plateau, on the Saraswati and Khan rivers, which are tributaries of the Shipra River.
Indore has an average elevation of 553 meter above mean sea level. It is located on an elevated plain, with the Vindhyas range to the south.
Climate
Indore has a transitional climate between a tropical wet and dry climate and a humid subtropical climate. Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter.
Summers start in mid-March and can be extremely hot in April and May. The daytime temperatures can touch 40°C on more than one occasion. Average summer temperature may go as high as 36–39 °C (100.4 °F) but humidity is very low.
Winters are moderate and usually dry. Lower temperatures can go as low as 4°C-6°C on some nights. Usually the temperature ranges between 26°C-30°C during winters.
Rains are due to southwest monsoons. The typical monsoon season goes from June 15 till mid-September, contributing 32-35 inches of annual rains. 95% of rains occur during monsoon season.
Overall, the climate of Indore is quite pleasant. As the temperature of the evening and night is quite soothing, irrespective of the temperature of the day.
Indore gets moderate rainfall of 35 to 38 inches (890 to 970 mm) during July–September due to the southwest monsoon.
| Climate data for Indore | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 26.5 (79.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
34.3 (93.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
40.4 (104.7) |
36.2 (97.2) |
30.3 (86.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.4 (90.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
31.94 (89.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.1 (70) |
18.1 (64.6) |
13.9 (57) |
10.6 (51.1) |
17.94 (64.3) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 4 (0.16) |
3 (0.12) |
1 (0.04) |
3 (0.12) |
11 (0.43) |
136 (5.35) |
279 (10.98) |
360 (14.17) |
185 (7.28) |
52 (2.05) |
21 (0.83) |
7 (0.28) |
1,062 (41.81) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 8.6 | 15.9 | 18.3 | 8.6 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 60.5 |
| Sunshine hours | 288.3 | 274.4 | 288.3 | 306.0 | 325.5 | 210.0 | 105.4 | 80.6 | 180.0 | 269.7 | 273.0 | 282.1 | 2,883.3 |
| Source: HKO | |||||||||||||
Civic Administration
Indore is administered by the Indore Municipal Corporation.
Some of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority (IDA). The IMC was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 69 wards. These wards have been further divided into 11 zones.
The main institution involved in planning and development in Indore is IDA. The jurisdiction of this agency is demarcated clearly not only physically but also functionally. The principal responsibility of IDA is to ensure a holistic development of the Indore agglomeration covering an area of 9.718 km² as per Master plans.
The corporators are elected from each ward, who in turn elect a mayor. The mayor is responsible for the day-to-day running of the city services, municipal school board, the city bus service, the municipal hospital and the city library. Executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner, who is an IAS officer appointed by the Madhya Pradesh state government. The Indore City Police are headed by a Inspector General, an IPS officer.
Demographics
Indore's total population as per the provisional population data for census 2011 is reported to be 19,91,000.
Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%.
As per 2001 census, the city of Indore has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy was 75%, and Female literacy was 64% In Indore, 12.72% of the population is under 6 years of age (as per census 2001). The average annual growth rate of population is around 2.85% as per the statistics of census 2001. Hindi is the main language spoken here with Marathi and Malwi spoken as well.
Transport
Air
Indore is served by the Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport. Indore airport is about 8 km from the city and currently handles only domestic traffic. The new terminals are presently under construction, as the airport is expanding. The airport has been operating services by Indian Airlines, Jet Airways Konnect, Jet Lite, Kingfisher Red, IndiGo. Indore has a direct connectivity to major cities of India like Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Kolkata, Mumbai, Nagpur, New Delhi, Pune, Raipur and Srinagar, .
Rail
The City Railway Division comes under Ratlam Division of the Western Railways. Indore Junction BG is the main and terminal station on the broad gauge line connecting it to the rest of the country. In the Railway budget of 2009 Indore main railway station was listed for upgrade along with other 300 stations across India. Indore is one of the several places in India with both meter gauge and broad gauge railways operational. Regular train services connect Indore to most parts of the country. Electrification of the Indore - Dewas - Ujjain is currently underway.
Indore lies on the Ratlam and Akola metre gauge railway line, the longest remaining functional meter gauge line in India. This section is scheduled for conversion to standard broad gauge under Indian Railways' projected Unigauge system.
Road
Indore is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major national highways passing through the city are:
- National Highway No. 3 (NH3 - Agra Bombay)
- National Highway No. 59 (NH 59 - Indore Ahmedabad)
- National Highway No. 59A (Indore - Betul - Nagpur connecting NH 69 )
The Mumbai- Indore section of the National Highway No. 3 and the Ahmedabad - Indore section of the National Highway No. 59 are undergoing multi laning under the NHDP program. Other important regional highways are:
- State Highway No. 27 (Indore to Burhanpur)
- State Highway No. 34 (Indore to Jhansi)
Local Transport
Indore has a public transport system. Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd, a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city. The buses - designated as City Bus today operate on 36 Routes, with around 170 bus stop stations. The buses are color coded according to their route. Some of these buses are also equipped with services like GPS and IVR (around 300) which are used to track the position of the bus with information displayed on LED displays installed on the bus stops. Local transport also includes Auto rickshaw, Van and Local City Ride Buses called Nagar Seva. Many cab services have recently started serving the city, like Metro taxi, City cabs. The major bus terminals are Sarwate bus terminal, Gangwal bus terminal, Navlakha bus stand .
Economy
Indore is the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh with a bulk of its trade coming from Small, Mid and Large scale manufacturing & service industries. These industries range from Automobile to Pharmaceutical and from Software to Retail and from Textile trading to Real estate . Major industrial areas surrounding the city include the Pithampur Special Economic Zone and the Sanwer Industrial belt. Pithampur is also known as the Detroit of India.
While the Textile manufacturing and Trading is the oldest business to contribute to economy, the Real Estate has emerged very fast in past few years. National Real Estate Players DLF Limited,Omaxe,Sahara, Parsvnath, Ansal API, Emaar MGF have already launched their residential projects in Indore. These projects are generally on the Indore bypass.This road also houses the projects of many local and regional Real estate players like Silver spring, Kalindi etc.
In the software front a major event occurred in the first half of 2011 when India's biggest software company Tata Consultancy Services decided to open a campus in Indore. Government of MP has also done the land allotment.
Education
Home to a range of colleges and schools, Indore has a large student population. Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE); however, a number of schools have affiliation with ICSE board, NIOS board and the state level M.P. Board.
Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya (DAVV) offers courses in more than 20 fields which include law, pharmacy and management at both graduate and postgraduate level.
Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College & Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Sciences offers courses in medical sciences & engineering.
Indore is the only city in India to have an Indian Institute of Management and an Indian Institute of Technology.
Media
Arts and theater
Ravindra Natya Grah, Abhivyakti Centre of Fine Arts & Performing Arts, Deolalikar Kala Vithika are located in the city. There are also various cultural clubs like Sanand Nyas,Ras Bharati, Kala Abhivyakti, Yeshwant Club and Sayaji Club.
Electronic media
The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government owned FM channels being introduced. The FM radio channels that broadcast in the city include AIR Vividh Bharathi FM (101.6 MHz), Radio Mirchi FM (98.3 MHz), Big FM (92.7 MHz), Red FM (93.5 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz) and AIR Gyan Vani FM (105.6 MHz). State-owned Doordarshan transmits two terrestrial television channels. Apart from these few local broadcasting stations also exist.
Print media
There are about 19 Hindi dailies, two English dailies, 26 weeklies and monthlies, 3 quarterlies, 1 Bi-monthly Magazine and one annual paper published from the city. The major Hindi dailies include the :- Raj Express, Nai Dunia, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Patrika, BPN Times, Agnibaan, & PrabhatKiran. The major English dailies are The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Free Press, Business Standard & The Economic Times.
Indore is covered by a large network of optical fibre cables. There are three fixed telephone line operators in the city: BSNL, Reliance and Airtel. There are eight mobile phone companies in which GSM players include BSNL, Reliance, Vodafone, Idea, Airtel, Aircel, Tata DoCoMo, Videocon Mobile Service while CDMA services offered by BSNL, Virgin Mobile, Tata Indicom, and Reliance.
Sports
Indore has 2 stadiums, Nehru Stadium and Holkar Cricket Stadium.
Culture
Indore was included in the Guinness Book of World Records for holding the largest tea party in the world.
Food
Indore has a wide variety of Namkeens, Poha & Jalebi, Chaats (snacks), Kachoris and Samosas, cuisines of various types in different restaurants, and Bengali, Muslim, Rajasthani, continental and confectionery sweets, as well as dishes such as Dal-Bafla, Nihari Gosht and Bafla-Gosht.
Main festivals
All national festivals like Holi, Rangpanchmi, Baisakhi, Raksha Bandhan, Navratri,Durga puja, Dussehra, Ganeshotsav, Deepavali, Ramzan, Gudi Padwa, Bhaubeej, Eid,[disambiguation needed] Christmas and other others like Nagpanchmi, Ahilya Utsav, are celebrated with equal enthusiasm.
Places of interest
- Deoguradia - The monolithic rock temple built in 7th century. The original Shivalinga is 12 ft under water in a sunken temple above which the present temple is constructed.
- Bapna Statue - Sir Siremal Bapna's statue right opposite MY Hospital in Indore adjacent to Jaora Compound.
- ISKCON - Sri Sri Radha Krishna Temple, Hare Krishna Movement in Nipaniya Village, MR 10, Devas Bypass Road.
- Gomat Giri - A Jain temple with a 21 feet statue of Gomateshwara, a replica of the Bahubali statue of Shravanabelagola. Along with 24 marble temples with shikhars, for each Tirthankar.
- Lal Bagh Palace - A palace spread across 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land. It is now a museum with artefacts of the Holkar era.
- Rajwada - A seven-storey palace built during the Holkar era.
- The Indore museum houses a collection of Parmar sculptures from Hinglajgarh
- Venkatesh Temple - Famous temple of Lord Venkateshwara in Central India which abides Largest Chariot Ceremony ( Rathyatra ) of Cental India.
Gallery
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Sri Sri Radha Krishna Temple, ISKCON Indore.
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The Rajwada Palace of Indore
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Bolia Maharaj Ki Chhatri
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Krishnapura Chhatri.
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Krishnapura Chhatri
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Sculptures on Krishnapura Chhatri
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Krishnapura Chhatri from inside
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Carvings at Krishnapura Chhatri
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Carved Pillars of Krishnapura Chhatri
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Sculptures on Krishnapura Chhatri
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Vijay Balla, signed by captain CK Naidu, Vijay Hazare and team after team victory over Australia.
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Treasure Island Mall, First in Madhya Pradesh
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Khan River. Krishnapura Chhatri in background
See also
- Bijalpur
- Rau
- Mhow
- Kshipra
- Dewas
- Ujjain
- Rangwasa
- Manpur, Indore
- Betma
- Burhanpur
- Omkareshwar
- Mandu
- Maheshwar
- Pithampur
- ^ "Best cities to work, play and live". Business Today. http://businesstoday.intoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&issueid=48&id=11655&Itemid=99999999§ionid=22&completeview=1. Retrieved 2009-06.
- ^ a b Indore Population. Census of India. Retrieved 04 July 2010.
- ^ [1]. Literacy rate. Retrieved 08 Aug 2010.
- ^ [2]. Area of Indore census 2001. Retrieved 08 August 2010.
- ^ "Some 108 million people live in India's largest cities". City Mayors. http://www.citymayors.com/gratis/indian_cities.html. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "The world's largest cities". City Mayors. http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-el.html. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Central India, Part I, pp. 68-70
- ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Memoirs of Central India, Vol. I. pp.94-95
- ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Memoirs of Malwa (1912)
- ^ Patrick Geddes, "City Development", in A report to the Durbar of Indore Part 1. Indore:Historic Development" (1918)
- ^ Sukh Sampatti Rai Bhandari, History of the Indian States, Rajya Mandal Book Publishing House (1927)
- ^ "Malwa in Transition A Century of Anarchy", The First Phase 1698-1765 by Raghubir Singh of Sitamau. Year 1936.
- ^ "The Indore State Gazetteer". Volume 1-printed Under the authority of the Government of His Highness the Maharaja Holkar. Superintendent Holkar Government Press, Indore 1931.
- ^ "Memoirs of Central India", Volume I. by Major General Sir John Malcolm. Year 1823.
- ^ "Indore Holkar State Gazetteer". No.23, 1875.
- ^ "Malwa Sahitya". 5th Year Issue No.1. Year 1855.Indore.
- ^ "The Mandlik Papers and the Family". by Sardar M.V.Kibe. 1946.
- ^ "About IDA". Indore Development Authority. http://www.idaindore.org/AboutIDA.aspx. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
- ^ "Indore Development Plan 2021". Directorate of Town & Country Planning. 2010-05-13. http://mptownplan.nic.in/New%20Folder%20%282%29/summary.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
- ^ a b "Census India reports". India census. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ Statistics of Indore. District Administration of Indore. Retrieved 16 August 2009
- ^ "Flightstats". Conducive Technologies. http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do?airportCode=IDR. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
- ^ Tiwary, Santosh (1998 -04-01). "Pithampur small enterprises tell a tale of untapped potential". Indian Express. http://www.expressindia.com/news/fe/daily/19980104/00455324.html. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
- ^ Trivedi, Shashikant (2004-07-09). "Pithampur units face bleak future". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=153051. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
- ^ "TCS Indore campus". Dainik Bhaskar. http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-tcs-indore-campus-gathers-momentum-three-quarters-land-acquired-2238693.html. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ Indian Journal of Science Communication (Volume 2/ Number 1/ January – June 2003) http://www.iscos.org/vol3/rp1.htm
- ^ "Usha Raje is now Holkar cricket stadium". Dainik Bhaskar Online Edition, dated 2010-08-23. http://www.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-usha-raje-holkar-cricket-stadium-now-1286044.html. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ^ "Largest Tea Party at Indore". Guinessworldrecords. 2008-02-25. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/amazing_feats/mass_participation/largest_tea_party.aspx. Retrieved 2010-03-12.
- ^ "Deoguradia". Indore District & Administration. 2010-03-23. http://www.indore.nic.in/place.htm#deo. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ "Gomat Giri". Indore District & Administration. 2010-03-23. http://www.indore.nic.in/place.htm#gomatgiri. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ "Indore Museum". Indore District & Administration. 2010-03-23. http://www.indore.nic.in/place.htm#museum. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- Ek Yug Ek Purush - a Biography of Sir Siremal Bapna by Om Prakash Sharma - 1971
Further reading
- Hunter, Cotton, Burn, Meyer. "The Imperial Gazetteer of India", 2006. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1909.
- Plunkett, Richard. Central India. Lonely Planet, 2001. ISBN 1-86450-161-8
- "Indore." Encyclopedia Britannica. 1911 ed.
- "Ek Yug Ek Purush" by Om Prakash Sharma
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