Beli Manastir
Beli Manastir
| Beli Manastir | |
|---|---|
 Beli Manastir
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| Coordinates: 45°46′N 18°36′E / 45.767°N 18.6°ECoordinates: 45°46′N 18°36′E / 45.767°N 18.6°E | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Osijek-Baranja County |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | Ivan Doboš |
| Area | |
| - City | 55 km2 (21.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| - City | 10,058 |
| - Urban | 8,034 |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
Beli Manastir is a town and municipality in eastern Croatia, the principal town of the Croatian part of Baranja, in the Osijek-Baranja county.
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Name
The name means "white monastery" in Croatian and primarily in Serbian (its name "Beli manastir" as opposed to standard Croatian "Bijeli samostan" reflects the local speech of the Slavic-language population rather than adhering to specific Croatian or Serbian guidelines). This name was introduced in 1923 during the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and before this it was known as Monoštor in Croatian and Serbian. It was also known as Pélmonostor in Hungarian and Manoster in German.
Other names used for the town in history were: Pél, Bell, and Monostor. All names are connected with monasteries that existed in history at this location. First monastery was built in the 9th century during the rule of Slavic duke Kocelj. Monastery was later razed, and the only thing that left from it was pil (obelisk in English), hence the later Hungarian name Pél, which was a version of this Slavic word.
History
The town was first mentioned in 1212 under name Pél. It has had very diverse ethnic composition since its earliest times. The population of the town through the history included Croats, Serbs, Magyars, Germans and Roma.
According to the 1910 census, the town had 2,447 inhabitants, of which 1,496 (61.1%) were Germans, 478 (19.5%) Serbs and 443 (18.1%) Magyars.
In 1929 the population was made of: Magyars (33.8%), Germans (32.6%), Croats (18.8%) and Serbs (around 12%).
During the Croatian War of Independence, Beli Manastir was incorporated along with other towns into the unrecognized breakaway Republic of Serbian Krajina. It was returned to Croatian control after the war.
Geography
The municipality of Beli Manastir is composed of 4 settlements:
- Beli Manastir, population 8,034
- Branjin Vrh, population 982, formerly called Baranyavár
- Šećerana, population 536
- Šumarina, population 481
Demographics
1910
2,447 Total
- Germans - 61.1%
- Serbs - 19.5%
- Hungarians - 18.1%
1929
Hungarians - 33.8% Germans - 32.6% Croats - 18.8% Serbs - 12%
1981
53,409 total
- Croats - 19,136 (35.83%)
- Serbs - 12,857 (24.07%)
2001
The town has a population of 8,671 (2001), while total municipality population is 10,986. Ethnic composition of Beli Manastir municipality by 2001 census was:
- Croats = 6,085 (55.39%)
- Serbs = 2,920 (26.58%)
- Hungarians = 933 (8.49%)
- Roma = 153 (1.39%)
- Germans = 122 (1.11%)
Buildings and structures
Broadcasting facility with 202 metres tall guyed mast, built in 1966
See also
- Osijek-Baranja County
- Baranja
- ^ a b "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011, First Results by Settlements" (in Croatian and English) (HTML). Statistical Reports (Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics) (1441). June 2011. ISSN 1332-0297. http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/htm/E11_Zup25_0132.html. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ Atlas and Gazetteer of Historic Hungary 1914, Talma Kiadó
- ^ http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_02_02/H01_02_02_zup14.html
- ^ http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0006009
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Cities and municipalities in the Osijek–Baranja County 
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